17 This anomaly is a cranio-facial defect caused by ho-mozygous recessive genes with incomplete penetration andvarious degrees of expression. The variance captured by these 8 PCS amounted to 82.72 % (Table 1). Ovine craniofacial malformation - brachygnathia inferior. 935 0 obj Clusters 9, 7 and 12 were classified as normal or prognathia inferior and were identified by the measure-lines p, o and n. The measure-lines C and E were elongated. Allerdings lassen sich damit nur sekundäre Okklusionsstörungen in einem sehr frühen Stadium behandeln. 3 R. D. Hoy, Bitterroot Wildlife Rehab Center '`g�{ A macroscopic examination of the carcass was performed, with a special focus on the ocular components. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. endobj (1981) proposed a "simple autosomal recessive inheritance with incomplete penetrance for this condition". | o [alopecia OR “hair loss” ]. The measurements of premolar/molar parts were actually also considered by [5] but sheep with brachygnathia inferior did not show any deviations from standard measurements in these parameters. Free to read & use Share this article Abstract This study describes a case of a 20-day-old male fighting bull with bilateral clinical anophthalmia and brachygnathia superior whose dam was 12.5 years old and was mistakenly dewormed with ivermectin intramuscularly in the first third of gestation in a livestock farm. : Created PDF Zahnentwicklung des Hundes - KTR The authors certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript. The following Cluster analysis summarized the multidimensional data space. Die Spitze des vierten Unterkieferprämolaren (P4, 308/408) liegt distal der Mitte zwischen den Kronenspitzen des Oberkiefer-P3 (107/207) und P4 (108/208). TE carried out the study including the gathering of roentgenologic aspects, statistical analysis and evaluation and drafted the manuscript. Parey Berlin, Hamburg (6), 248, Distl O. Craniometrical studies revealed decreased maxillary and palatine bone lengths and increased cranial, skull, and facial indices. Approximately 4 hours after delivery of the fetus, the . <> Brachygnathia and prognathia, dog - MSD Veterinary Manual endobj The .gov means it’s official. Background Your US state privacy rights, Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions. Nachtheim (1937) first described brachygnathia superior in rabbits and his findings were cited by Robinson (1958, pp342-343). 9 M. Ganter, Email: ed.revonnah-ohit@retnag.nitram. 18) consisted of 2 animals (Table 3). The molar and premolar occlusion was commonly not affected [15]. It had several defects including brachygnathia superior, strabismus convergence, aortal cusp insufficiency and hypertrophy of clitoris. The distance between the position of the mandibular incisor and the dental pad is not a single criterion. 944 0 obj In: Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ, eds. H��W�o�8�=� The cluster 32, 11 and 14 were classified as affected sheep with shortening of the mandible. Murcia Nordby et al. endobj on 28 Nov 2011, Changed The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. endobj In total, seven significant clusters of the craniofacial malformation could be distinguished (Fig. Bookshelf There were examinations with focus on the temporomandibular joint and the dysgnathia. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. In: Schwenzer, N., Ehrenfeld, M. Links to MONDO diseases: Google Scholar, Koch P, Fischer H, Schuhmann H. 1957. <>]/P 996 0 R/S/Link>> Ehmer U. Klassifikation der kieferorthopädischen Befunde. 324 0 obj <>]/P 1018 0 R/S/Link>> O. Distl, Email: ed.revonnah-ohit@ltsid.ramtto. This study describes a case of a 20‐day‐old male fighting bull with bilateral clinical anophthalmia and brachygnathia superior whose dam was 12.5 years old and was mistakenly dewormed with ivermectin intramuscularly in the first third of gestation in a livestock farm. endobj Und sie steht in den... JUST4VETS ist das Fachportal für Tierärzt:innen – hier berichten Expert:innen zu den Themen Hund, Katze und Kleine Heimtiere. 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Congenital syndrome of anophthalmia–microphthalmia with associated defects in cattle, Akabane disease in cattle: congenital abnormalities caused by viral infection. Wenn sich die ständig nachwachsenden Zähne durch Verfütterung von zu energiereichem Futter (Buntfutter, Körnerfutter) zu wenig abnutzen, kommt es zu mangelnder Abreibung und Gebissveränderungen mit Malokklusion. Molar and premolar malocclusions of different types were shown (measure-line N). The largest cluster (cluster no. Purser AF, Wiener G, West DM. endobj , Fischer, M.S., 928 0 obj o [pig –guinea] Ehmer U. Klassifikation der kieferorthopädischen Befunde. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 2011). In: Ganter, M. (Hrsg): Lehrbuch der Schafkrankheiten, Parey, Berlin und Wien, 4.Auflage, 366, Kaulfuß KH, Hoffmann B. Ehrman, L. , [1] Neben der unbestreitbaren genetischen Veranlagung für diese Störung werden auch Einflüsse der Domestikation eine Rolle zugeschrieben. 908 0 obj As a starting point for the following study, advanced techniques used for evaluation of x-rays in orthodontics human medicine were adopted. by Frank Nicholas goat endobj Histopathological finding in remains of eyeball. Brachygnathia superior is observed in rabbits, most frequently in dwarf breeds. , In the present case report, we describe a case of bilateral clinical anophthalmia in a fighting bull calf, which appears associated with other alterations such as a smaller size of the palpebral fissure and brachygnathia superior with a certain degree of rotation in the maxilla. (A) CT 3D volume rendered image of the head showing the abnormal conformation of the skull bones caused by brachygnathia. In fact, some animals with suspected anophthalmia may be diagnosed with microphthalmia due to vestigial remnants of ocular tissue. Auflage, 235–238. 28 0 obj 5). (Übersichtsreferat). Springer Nature. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. As a result, in Angle Class II the fossa mandibularis shifts in the caudal position [18, 19]. 1035 0 obj Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. (Hrsg.) All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). By contrast, our results show that it could be related to ivermectin treatment in the pregnant cattle. Cluster 9 was characterised by an elongated incisive bone (I) and baseline (A) and shortening of the maxilla (H) and cerebral cranium (J). endobj Even today, the starting point for diagnosing dysgnathia is the classification according to [12] based on molar teeth-occlusion. Microscopic examination of the material inside the orbit structures showed remains or ectodermal vestiges of similar ocular structures in both eyes with stratified epithelium and abundant connective tissue (Figure 3A). [5] found a shortening of the interalveolar part of the mandible and an elongation of the rostral part of the maxilla. <>]/P 994 0 R/S/Link>> A. Hoy, G. T. Haas, R. D. Hoy, and Pamela Hallock Hier ist eine Extraktion anzuraten, bei einer Lockerung, Verdrehung oder Vereiterung ist sie zwingend erforderlich. The largest cluster (cluster no. The next generations have also been used for breeding and mated with each other as well as with the founder animals. endobj Interesting Sailboats: BAVARIA C42: IT SAILS VERY WELL - Blogger Phenotypical distocclusion was not a single criterion for the affected sheep. 8 Mi, M.P., the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. : Fox, R.R., The seventh PC was mainly composed of measurements describing the temporomandibular joint and the eighth PC of measurement of the incisive bone. endobj In: Diedrich, P. Praxis der Zahnheilkunde, Kieferorthopädie I, Orofaziale Entwicklung und Diagnostik, Urban und Fischer Verlag, München Jena; 2000. In some vertebrate clades, the bones affected are probably not homologous to fish, since the skulls have different configurations, with different . 1036 0 obj : Robinson, R. • Use OR to account for alternate terms In our case, we have not found associated tail and vertebral alterations as have been described in cases of anophthalmia in Japanese brown cows. In the cluster 9 and 7, the maxilla was elongated with a more rostral location from the temporomandibular joint. Disproportions in jaw length between upper and lower jaw result in teeth that are not positioned correctly and to dental malocclusion. 2008;121(7):292–305. Die Seitenzähne stehen dadurch nicht in orthodonter Reißverschluss-Verzahnung. on 06 Sep 2005, Changed Diversity and Inclusion Statement, Privacy cattle endobj The craniofacial malformation should be defined as brachygnathia inferior because the lower jaw is in all cases shortened [5, 8]. Clusters 9, 7 and 12 were classified as normal or prognathia inferior and were identified by the measure-lines p, o and n. The measure-lines C and E were elongated. Only clusters 32 and 14 were phenotypically classified as brachygnathic sheep. In contrast, in cluster 12, the temporomandibular joint was in the caudal position. In: Schwenzer, N., Ehrenfeld, M. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Reduced palpebral fissures and small orbits were observed (Figure 1C). Thus, it is possible that ivermectin, if applied at the recommended dose or slightly higher and intramuscularly instead of subcutaneously in the first month of gestation in pregnant cattles, could have an adverse effect on embryogenesis and therefore teratogenicity. Atrophic rhinitis - Atlas of swine pathology - pig333 937 0 obj <>]/P 1027 0 R/S/Link>> 923 0 obj ABN: 15 211 513 464. o [pig –guinea] CT showed an absence of normal ocular structure (Figure 2). <> endobj 905 0 obj sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal 7). endobj 3 and ​and44 [8]). 1 <> on 22 Aug 2021. endobj Kraftfutter werden nur zur Mast eingesetzt; das Kaninchen benötigt keine energiereichen (kohlenhydratreichen) Futtermittel, weil diese die richtige Verdauung (Überwucherung des Darms mit Hefepilzen, Darmmykose) stören, was zu Durchfall führen kann. The sire was a 6‐year‐old bull that had had 86 more descendants, all of them normal. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. The variance captured by these 8 PCS amounted to 82.72 % (Table 1). In what that regards, for boats with the same length, the Bavaria C42 with a displacement of 9678kg will be in between the Beneteau or Jeanneau (8180/7784kg) and the Halberg Rassy (11000kg). The etiology and inheritance of inequalities in the jaws of sheep. recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a <>]/P 1020 0 R/S/Link>> Kerkmann A, Kuiper H, Ganter M, Distl O. on 13 Jun 2017, Changed <>]/P 971 0 R/S/Link>> To quantify these observations, facial anatomy was examined for bone and dental malformations on 1061 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that were accident-killed or died of natural causes between January 1996 and December 2010 in northern Ravalli County in the Bitterroot Valley of west-central, Montana, USA. Kaninchen sind Grasfresser und von Natur aus auf das Kauen und die Verwertung faserreicher Pflanzen ausgerichtet. endobj Degenerative joint disease is a chronic, non-inflammatory disorder of moveable diarthrodial joints characterized by articular official website and that any information you provide is encrypted sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. Spain, 2 The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955. Measurements of the mandibular distocclusion were frequently based on the distance of the rostral point of the incisor to the dental pad [5, 9, 10]. State of play (29 pages) Boat Bavaria Cruiser 46 Owner's Manual. Hechtgebiss - Wikipedia <> 1 [1], https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hechtgebiss&oldid=203913508, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Additional changes of other bones of skull which are affected by malformations will be proved. endobj %PDF-1.7 %���� Auflage, 235–238. <>]/P 949 0 R/S/Link>> Jena: Fischer Verlag; 1974. p. 204–10. Baker Gordon J, Easley J (Hrsg.). The radiographic reference points and methods from previous study were applied for our analysis [8]. <>]/P 964 0 R/S/Link>> <>]/P 977 0 R/S/Link>> 16 endobj G. T. Haas, Big Sky Beetle Works 1 In some cases of congenital anophthalmia, cystic or solid eyeball remains may appear in the orbits. 30 0 obj Brachygnathia superior is characterized by failure of the premaxillary bone to grow to normal length and width, and has been reported to be a definitive sign of functional disruption of the fetal thyroid hormones in equine neonates [1-3,6]. On the other hand, maxilla originates from the second pharyngeal arch, which begins its development on the 24th day of gestation. As found in the above cited literature (except [8]), measurements were carried out using macerated skulls. Bei der Brachygnathia inferior handelt sich um eine Mandibulahypoplasie, bei der der Unterkiefer zu kurz und zu schmal ist (Abb. Molar and premolar malocclusions were revealed in two of three Clusters. endobj Phone: +61 2 9351 2222. Synonym verwendet werden die Begriffe Brachygnathia superior beziehungsweise Prognathia inferior. A valid normocclusion for the sheep shall be found. Written informed consent was obtained from the animal owner to publish this report in accordance with the journal's patient consent policy. Mandibular brachygnathia is a congenital defect in foals. 1899;41:248–52. Spezielle Chirurgie, Bd 2: Zahn-Mund-Kiefer-Heilkunde, Thieme, Stuttgart, 3. Schneider H. Untersuchungen weiterer Selektionskriterien gegen Brachygnathia- und Prognathia inferior beim Schaf. Results of measurements from undamaged heads of 413 fawns of the ... The radiographic reference points and methods from previous study were applied for our analysis [8]. 2 0 obj An obviously affected goat with brachygnathia inferior was mated to both affected and clinically healthy sheep. since the serological study showed no antibodies against the typical viruses found in cattle in these geographical regions (bovine herpesvirus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine diarrhea virus) both in the cow and in the calf. <> Received 2015 Apr 13; Accepted 2016 Jan 7. 930 0 obj 2 [8]). : Harcourt-Brown, F. Observations of brachygnathia superior on white-tailed deer increased from none observed on several hundred deer prior to spring of 1995 to >50% of 519 white-tailed deer examined between January 2001 and December 2010. In our case, exposure to ivermectin coincides with the critical period of the embryogenic development of the eyes and the maxilla (day 30 ± 5 of gestation) and a teratogenic effect of ivermectin could be involved in the origin of this malformation. by Imke Tammen2 906 0 obj Br J Orthod. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955. 1. Zahnheilkunde in der Pferdepraxis. Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions. In other species: The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Congenital abnormal shortness of the maxilla (upper jaw), resulting in protrusion of the mandible (lower jaw). Shortened mandible and elongated maxilla and the mandible in posterior position and the maxilla in anterior position [13]. Wedge vertebrae, hemivertebrae, or sagittal clefts can be seen at the level of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae, which alongside the meandering axial line of abnormal vertebrae may suggest a failure in the formation of the notochord. (77 pages) Boat Bavaria 33 2006 Information & Operations Manual For. Cranial morphology in the brachygnathic sheep | BMC Veterinary Research ... <> An official website of the United States government. 2002. Furthermore, the farm had no record data of viral diseases, including Aino, Akabane, or Chuzan, which have been related to congenital anophthalmia Dabei ist ebenfalls auf eine Korrektur der meist bestehenden Backenzahnverlängerungen zu achten. Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In the bovine fetus, the optical organogenesis begins at day 20 or 21 of gestation with the evagination of the optic primordium; at day 23, the formation of the optic vesicle occurs, and the optic dome is formed by day 30 of gestation. Dysgnathia is a common congenital anomaly in sheep that could be reproduced in a breeding trial with East Friesian sheep [1, 7]. The measurements of premolar/molar parts were actually also considered by [5] but sheep with brachygnathia inferior did not show any deviations from standard measurements in these parameters. 924 0 obj Histological changes were degeneration of the articular cartilage matrix, chondrocyte necrosis, flaking and fibrillation, chondrone formation, erosions and ulcers of the articular cartilage with subchondral bone sclerosis, vascular invasion with fibrosis, and chronic, nonsuppurative, proliferative synovitis. Ester Párraga‐Ros: Conceptualization; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; validation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. endobj Tierärztl. Eriksen, T., Ganter, M., Distl, O. et al. The cluster 32, 11 and 14 were classified as affected sheep with shortening of the mandible. Additionally the different affected two Angle Classes could share in altered region (alveolar, skeletal) and changes in main directions (vertical, sagittal and transverse) [11]. Infolge des für Hasenartige und Nagetiere typischen ständigen Nachwachsens der Nagezähne kann das Vorhandensein eines Hechtgebisses schwere Folgeerkrankungen auslösen. 932 0 obj Before endobj As a starting point for the following study, advanced techniques used for evaluation of x-rays in orthodontics human medicine were adopted. <>/Metadata 2 0 R/Outlines 5 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/StructTreeRoot 6 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> by Imke Tammen2 6). , Careers. 2023-01-31T14:57:12-08:00 912 0 obj MG provided support for the data gathering with regards to roentgenologic aspects. , 943 0 obj Means and standard deviations for all animals in the certain clusters. endobj Bei einem Hechtgebiss ist dies nicht mehr der Fall, so dass häufig ein ungehindertes Längenwachstum der Schneidezähne eintritt. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Umschau 59, 380–387. (Übersichtsreferat). Cranial morphology in the brachygnathic sheep, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0634-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 9 > Faculty Publications endobj endobj 1032 0 obj Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. <>]/P 1014 0 R/S/Link>> 914 0 obj Cluster 9 was characterised by an elongated incisive bone (I) and baseline (A) and shortening of the maxilla (H) and cerebral cranium (J). Vogt, D.W. Cross-species summary: <>]/P 982 0 R/S/Link>> Juan Seva: Conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; resources; supervision; validation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing. (PDF) Observations of brachygnathia superior (underbite) in wild ... Other terms used for brachygnathia inferior are overbite, undershot, parrot mouth, prognathia superior whereas brachygnathia superior is referred as underbite, overshot, prognathia inferior [1, 3, 5, 6]. endobj 5 Carlos De Jódar: Data curation; methodology; resources; validation; writing – review and editing. 915 0 obj Gattinger and Obwegeser [14] divided the malocclusion in the hypo- / hyperplasia of mandible and maxilla. For each individual sheep the factor scores were evaluated and used as a new variable in the cluster analysis with the Ward method. Onyeaso CO, Aderinokun GA, Arowojolu MO. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe a new gingival approach for, and report the outcome after, surgical correction of wry nose in two foals. Schmidt, M.J., Last updated: 06 Jun 2023. J Agric Sci. on 09 Jun 2017, Changed and transmitted securely. 1033 0 obj Classification of malocclusion. Synovial fluid evaluation indicated joint degeneration but no etiologic agent. OD additionally supported in drafting the manuscript. (A) Vestiges of structures of the eye with stratified epithelium and abundant connective tissue with seromucousglands (H&E). Differences were identified in measure-lines which concerned the upper jaw. Verbruggen G, Wittoek R, Groeneboer S, Cruyssen BV, Goemaere S, Elewaut D. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1 Food animal ophthalmology. This is an open access article under the terms of the, anophthalmia, brachygnathia, fighting bull calf, ivermectin, Congenital bilateral clinical anophthalmia and brachygnathia superior in a fighting bull calf, Bilateral anophthalmia associated with further anomalies of the head in German Holstein calves, Unilateral anophthalmia in a Holstein calf, Congenital anophthalmia with caudal vertebral anomalies in Japanese Brown cattle. In contrast, in cluster 12, the temporomandibular joint was in the caudal position. The cubic clustering criterion (CCC) was used to differentiate significant from non-significant clusters. | Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Diss; 1978. Brachygnathia superior (BS), the underdevelopment of the upper facial bones of ungulate species, has been photographed in countries around the world and posted on the Internet, usually labeled. The brachygnathic facial type was mainly characterised as a shortened mandible, the upper jaw is not significantly involved. Based on phenotypic descriptions, these malformations were generally referred to as ovine brachygnathia inferior . The first PC was mainly composed of the angles. Grossly, all major appendicular joints were defective including the atlanto-occipital articulation. The site is secure. The retina may be dysplastic and sometimes attached to a hypoplastic optic nerve. Pamela Hallock, University of South FloridaFollow, brachygnathia superior, congenital fetal hypothyroidism, elk, endocrine disruption, mule deer, pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer. <> Radiological evaluation of major appendicular joints demonstrated lipping of the joint margins with osteophyte formation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and narrowing of joint spaces. , A Case of Trisomy 22 in a Live Hereford Calf | Acta Veterinaria ... Observations of Brachygnathia Superior (Underbite) in Wild Ruminates in ... In order to achieve more detailed information about the correlation of the temporomandibular joint and the brachygnathia inferior a three-dimensional view like the computer tomography (CT) is vital. A scree plot graphically shows the variance of each PC (Fig. In addition, prognathism was observed with an underdeveloped maxilla, which also appeared slightly rotated. 2014 Sep;51(5):968-78. doi: 10.1177/0300985813516648. Fragen und Ideen haben, nehmen Sie bitte direkt Kontakt mit uns auf. 2008;78(5):808–12. Some authors hypothesize, bilateral anophthalmia may be hereditary and caused by an autosomal recessive gene, although it has not been demonstrated, since chromosomal aberrations have not been detected. PubMed  Full article: Pugheadedness in Fishes - Taylor & Francis Online <>]/P 1010 0 R/S/Link>> Eyeball remains were found in both orbits and a histopathological examination was performed on them. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.7159 University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Anophthalmia is a birth defect in which animals are born without eyes and the orbits appear devoid of eye tissue. Spain. Loadings of the eigenvectors (standardised measurements of the skull) for principal components (Prin1- Prin8). endobj Additionally the different affected two Angle Classes could share in altered region (alveolar, skeletal) and changes in main directions (vertical, sagittal and transverse) [11]. Means and standard deviations for all animals in the certain clusters. Er ist Gründungsmitglied der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tierzahnheilkunde und Mitglied der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Tierzahnheilkunde (EVDS). 6). <>]/P 958 0 R/S/Link>> , Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. <> Juan Manuel Bueno: Conceptualization; investigation; methodology; resources; validation; writing – review and editing. Correspondence to [CrossRef] [Google Scholar], National Library of Medicine <> The most frequently observed of a range of skeletal anomalies is brachygnathia superior, also called mandibular prognathia, resulting from underdevelopment in length and width of the premaxillary bone forward of the upper premolars on ruminant species. 916 0 obj Lucia Oehme und Gerhard Staudacher, Aachen. <> , CS and OD conceived the study, participated in its design and coordination. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. Smaller samples (196 total) of hunter-killed elk (Cervis canadensis), mule deer (O. hemionus), pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana), white-tailed deer and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) heads from throughout Montana, examined for facial malformations during 2005-10, showed a high prevalence of brachygnathia superior (>40%) and a small number with mandibular brachygnathia (4%). Brachygnathia superior is observed in rabbits, most frequently in dwarf breeds. In addition, brachygnathia superior was observed (Figure 1B) and analyzed by helical computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull (dual slice CT scanner, General Electric HiSpeed, General Electric Healthcare). Due to the management conditions of these animals, it is very difficult to know if they are pregnant and the exact days of gestation, since they are bred on wide‐ranging ranches and bulls are comingled with females for several months without receiving any reproductive control. The sixth PC was characterised by measurements of the mandible and maxilla. Positive and negative standard deviation (end of the whiskers) from the mean (top of the box) of the population. Accessibility Statement Before euthanasia, the animal was sedated with xylazine and immediately necropsied, and a thorough macroscopic examination of the carcass was performed, with a special focus on the ocular components. A serological study for the detection of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus, respiratory syncytial virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus was carried out in the cow and in the calf and it was negative.