benefits of folic acid after miscarriage

Comparison 13 Multivitamin without folic acid versus folic acid, Outcome 2 Early or late miscarriage. Similarly, we found no difference in the risk for early or late miscarriage between women receiving the following interventions: Comparison 9 Multivitamin plus iron and folic acid versus iron and folic acid, Outcome 2 Early or late miscarriage. The 3 treatment groups consisted of a weekly single oral supplement of either: 1. The most common causes include abnormal chromosomal rearrangements, endocrinological disorders and uterine abnormalities (Garrido‐Gimenez 2015). With folic acid, too much might make some symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency worse. Potdar RD, MMN: multiple micronutrient. Other studies did not specify their definition of miscarriage or stillbirth. pg 1153, pgh 2. Taking folic acid can help treat this type of anemia and relieve symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and mouth sores. Folic acid after miscarriage | Mumsnet Benn CS, Effect of multivitamin and vitamin A supplements on weight gain during pregnancy among HIV‐1‐infected women. Randomisation and allocation concealment: 160 clusters were randomly assigned to 4 blocks of 40 clusters each. One trial (Summit 2008), enrolled 41,839 women at 'any gestational age', although more than 70% of the women were enrolled in the first or second trimester. If you can get pregnant or are pregnant, folic acid is especially important. Shankar AH. We have not performed subgroup analyses based on vitamin dosage or time of trial entry. Randomisation and allocation concealment: participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E. A randomisation sequence generated in advance by Victoria Pharmaceuticals using PRISYM ID software (version1.0009) was used. Streatfield PK, An observational study. Habicht JP, Fewer outcomes were stated in the trial registration. Sahariah SA, Very low loss to follow‐up rates. compared with placebo or no vitamin A groups. n = 466). Small numbers of missing data, balanced across groups. Other trials reported that they were being undertaken in countries where the population was at high risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies (Osrin 2005; Prawirohartono 2011; Roberfroid 2008; Summit 2008; Villar 2009), or there was a high prevalence of anaemia (Bhutta 2009; Fleming 1986; Sunawang 2009; Zagre 2007; Zeng 2008), but provided no specific information on nutritional status of participants. 49 (1%) women lost to follow‐up, balanced across groups, analyses by intention‐to‐treat. Each ward was assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Clifton RG, Eligible women were identified from census data and marriage registers. Gross R, Only 1 loss to follow‐up in placebo group, but the reason is unclear. et al. Considering the widespread use of vitamin supplementation before and during pregnancy, it is important to study the relation between vitamin supplementation and early pregnancy outcomes, particularly since the causes of miscarriage are unknown and the nutritional status of a mother can affect her baby’s development. No main outcomes of interest reported. Chatenoud L, Prenatal micronutrient supplements cumulatively increase fetal growth. 60 women between 8 and 12 weeks' gestation were eligible for randomisation (supplementation group: n = 29; folic acid group: n = 31). Women in the intervention group took 750 mg vitamin C per day from the first day of the third menstrual cycle until a urinary pregnancy test was positive. Barrena N, Incomplete outcome data was judged low risk of bias in 21 trials and high in nine trials. Does vitamin supplementation taken by women before pregnancy and during pregnancy decrease the risk of spontaneous miscarriage? Prawirohartono EP, USA: United States of America Considerations should include timing of the intervention and trials should assess the most appropriate vitamin type and dosage; to see whether it is beneficial without causing any harms to the mother or fetus and include assessments of any psychological effects and long‐term follow‐up of mothers and infants. Shankar AH, Zeng L, Adu‐Afarwuah S, We regarded heterogeneity as substantial if the I² was greater than 30% and either the Tau² was greater than zero, or there was a low P value (less than 0.10) in the Chi² test for heterogeneity. After enrolment, women who had twin births and who miscarried at an early stage were also excluded. et al. Comparison 20 Folic acid without multivitamin versus no folic acid/multivitamin, Outcome 1 Total fetal loss. Siega‐Riz AM, Cleaver AE, A large number of outcomes reported in the publication, but not pre‐specified in the registered trial. We found no difference between women supplemented with multivitamins compared with controls for total fetal loss or early or late miscarriage when the analyses were restricted to individually‐randomised trials only. government site. Also, they include studies where the comparison groups included women receiving either vitamin A or placebo, and thus require caution in interpretation. Ali H, No details on how participants were allocated to groups. Persson LA, 05/12/2020 19:08. vitamin A (30 mg beta‐carotene plus 5000 IU preformed vitamin A); multivitamins excluding vitamin A (20 mg vitamin B1, 20 mg vitamin B2, 25 mg vitamin B6, 100 mg niacin, 50 mcg vitamin B12, 500 mg vitamin C, 30 mg vitamin E, 0.8 mg folic acid); multivitamins including vitamin A, all formulated in 2 tablets; or. Huybregts L, We assessed whether each study was free of other problems that could put it at risk of bias: We made judgements about whether studies were at high risk of bias, according to the criteria given in the Handbook (Higgins 2011). There was no difference in the risk of total fetal loss (risk ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.40, seven trials, 18,949 women; high‐quality evidence); early or late miscarriage (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.26, four trials, 13,346 women; moderate‐quality evidence); stillbirth (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.76, seven trials, 21,442 women; moderate‐quality evidence) or adverse effects of vitamin supplementation (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.39 to 3.41, one trial, 739 women; moderate‐quality evidence) between women receiving vitamin C with vitamin E compared with placebo or no vitamin C groups. Comparison 2 Vitamin C versus no supplement/placebo, Outcome 1 Total fetal loss. FOIA et al. Rush D, "Neither the researchers nor the patients were aware of the treatment allocation until after the completion of the study." Shahrook S, 1. Total fetal loss, defined as the combined numbers of early miscarriage (spontaneous pregnancy loss less than 12 weeks’ gestation), late miscarriage (spontaneous pregnancy loss greater than or equal to 12 and less than 24 weeks), and stillbirth (pregnancy loss at greater than or equal to 24 weeks). Shamim AA, Meda N, In two trials, allocation was not concealed and therefore judged as high risk of bias (Fleming 1968; People's League 1942). 110 women residing in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation. Understanding Miscarriage -- Prevention - WebMD If discrepancies could not be resolved, we consulted a third review author. Abbeddou S, Twinning rates and survival of twins in rural Nepal. Hackshaw A. Devakumar D, Comparison 18 Multivitamin plus folic acid versus no multivitamin/folic acid, Outcome 2 Early or late miscarriage. Muadz H, West KP Jr, Katz J, Of the remaining 1075 women, 54 women (5%) were lost to follow‐up by the time of delivery, leaving birth outcomes reported for 1021 women. Rashid M, Sorensen HT, Johnson A, PAI‐1: plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 Hb concentration in mothers during the third trimester, Hb and sTfR concentrations in cord blood. We found no difference in the risk of congenital malformations (Analysis 1.4) or adverse effects of vitamin supplementation (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.39 to 3.41, one trial, 739 women; Analysis 1.5; moderate‐quality evidence). Wu L, For previous versions of the review, we thank Simon Gates for statistical advice regarding inclusion of cluster‐randomised trials, Lelia Duley for helpful comments on the format of the review and Sonja Henderson for assisting with review administration. Muadz H, Folic Acid | the American Pregnancy Association Ivarsson A, LeClerq SC, Obstetric complications and other adverse outcomes. Women were randomised into 1 of 4 groups: The trial was stopped early after there were 1195 informative pregnancies, according to prespecified stopping rules. Weekly supplementation from enrolment (early pregnancy) to 3 months postpartum. et al. Mathews F, Thom EA, Thirteen trials (Baumslag 1970; Blot 1981; Chanarin 1968; Colman 1974; Coutsoudis 1999; Dawson 1962; Edelstein 1968; Feyi‐Waboso 2005; Hankin 1966; Kaestel 2005; Marya 1981; Metz 1965; Owen 1966) reported supplementation after 20 weeks' gestation. Daly LE, A summary of the intervention effect and a measure of quality for each of the above outcomes was produced using the GRADE approach. The randomisation sequence was stratified by centre with balanced blocks of 8 patients, and was held by Victoria Pharmaceuticals. Two of the trials from the previous version of this review (one cluster (Katz 2000), and one small trial (Roberfroid 2008)) included women who were pregnant more than once in the study period; resulting in data contributing to 59,146 pregnancies for the individual trials and 219,267 pregnancies from the cluster trials. 03/05/2021 13:36 Hi, I had a miscarriage about a week ago, at 11 weeks pregnant. Costello AM, Haslam RR. Adu‐Afarwuah S, How much folic acid should I take? All women were tested for bacterial vaginosis and all women with positive cultures for. Gestational hypertension and its adverse conditions. Valea I, Healthier Heart Folic acid will be very essential to keep the health of your heart. et al. Apriatni M, Surace M, Swendseid ME, Women, caregivers and investigators blinded to treatment allocation. Renjifo B, Dora S, et al. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation had no effect on early or late miscarriage. Huybregts L, Onset of supplementation was > 20 weeks' gestation. Folic acid protects unborn babies against serious birth defects. Women in control group tended to be poorer and less educated and more women in intervention group used more preventive measures against malaria and had larger households. Sheppard S, Very preterm birth (defined as less than 34 weeks' gestation). Alvarez JG. Difficult to assess given the high losses to follow‐up. 150 women were recruited into the study. for the ACTS Study Group. How will I know if I'm getting enough vitamin D? 2378 women from community settings in urban and rural Sindh (Pakistan) less than 16 weeks of gestation. Leveno KJ, No further details on how allocation was done. Persson LA, Taking a supplement with more than 400 mcg . All study scientists and personnel, government staff, and enrollees were unaware of the allocation. Jouma M, Maher M and Keriakos R. Women's awareness of periconceptional use of folic acid before and after their antenatal visits . Based on the intervention described, each trial report is assigned a number that corresponds to a specific Pregnancy and Childbirth Group review topic (or topics), and is then added to the Register. Randomisation numbers were sealed in opaque envelopes. A sector‐supplement code key with A or B was created by flip of a coin, reflecting assignment to iron–folic acid or MM supplementation, and duplicated, and each of 2 copies was sealed into an envelope by an uninvolved colleague at Johns Hopkins. The documented benefits of supplementation relate mainly to the lowered risk of congenital anomalies such as neural tube defects . Labrique AB, Women whose affected child had Meckel's syndrome and those women with epilepsy were excluded. 1085 women were recruited into the study. Henry MC, Idriansyah L, Comparison 13 Multivitamin without folic acid versus folic acid, Outcome 3 Stillbirth. Eligible women included pregnant or postpartum, lactationally amenorrhoeic women were placed on a 'waiting list', and only became eligible for pregnancy surveillance once their menses resumed. No main outcomes reported. Rothman D, No other methodological details were given. et al. Antioxidant multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplement mixed into milk administered from trial entry until 2 weeks postpartum. Disagreements were resolved through discussion and, when required, we consulted a third person. 77 loss to follow‐up before assessment at 26‐28 weeks (5000 IU vitamin A: 26; 10,000 IU vitamin A: 26; placebo: 25). Prenatal micronutrient supplementation and intellectual and motor function in early school‐aged children in Nepal. Huybregts L, Zeng L, No other methodological details were given. PAI‐2: plasminogen activator inhibitor‐2 Vitamin A or beta‐carotene supplementation reduces symptoms of illness in pregnant and lactating Nepali women. Saathoff E, Women were eligible if they were primigravida, less than 26 weeks' pregnant (range of gestation 10 to 26 weeks'), with haematocrit value (PCV) 27% or more, and who had not received treatment so far as was known. Folic Acid is used to make the extra blood your body needs during pregnancy. Christian P, Harris R, They [women] were randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1 to antioxidant supplementation (vitamins C and E) group or to placebo group through an electronic data management platform.”Pg 239.e3, Although paper states that "Women in the placebo group were advised to take capsules that were identical in appearance to the active treatment capsules", no details were provided on how they were allocated to treatment groups, None of the trial staff or any other person involved in the trial knew the treatment allocation for any women until after completion of the trial analysis.” Pg 239.e3 and 4, “None of the trial staff or any other person involved in the trial knew the treatment allocation for any women until after completion of the trial analysis.”Pg 239.e4, A higher loss to follow‐up was seen in the Mexican centres although the loss was balanced between treatment and placebo groups. Fanie N, et al. Frongillo EA, Pg 2651. Blood thinners do not reduce miscarriage risk, new study suggests Authors claim the study had a double‐blind design, but it is unclear if the assessors were blinded. The control group received iron/folic acid. Asymmetry was suggested by visual assessment of Figure 4 for early or late miscarriage. No further information was available. Prawirohartono EP, Técsöi A, Bhutta ZA, Schulze KJ, Women allocated to the vitamin C and E group took 4 coated tablets of a combination of 250 mg of vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) and 100 IU of vitamin E (as. They were randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1. Women and investigators blinded to allocation. Individually‐randomised controlled trial. Methodological details unclear, 'women agreed to their allocation on the basis of a random table'. Kaestel P, There were no data available to conduct any analysis for adverse effects of vitamin supplementation. Asrilla Z, No intention‐to‐treat analyses performed. Schulze KJ, MMN: multiple micronutrient MMN group: the MMN was the UNIMMAP formulation containing 30 mg iron (ferrous fumarate) and 400 mcg folic acid along with 800 mcg retinol (retinyl acetate), 200 IU vitamin D (ergocalciferol), 10 mg vitamin E (alpha tocopherol acetate), 70 mg ascorbic acid, 1.4 mg vitamin B1 (thiamine mononitrate), 18 mg niacin (niacinanide), 1.9 mg vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), 2.6 mcg vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), 15 mg zinc (zinc gluconate), 2 mg copper, 65 mcg selenium, and 150 mcg iodine ‐ 1 capsule daily up to 3 months after birth. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preeclampsia: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, Effect of nutrient supplementation on the incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 63 women (9%) lost to follow‐up and 14 pairs of twins (2%) excluded. West KP. No details of how blocks were selected. Thi Nhu Ngoc N, As above ‐ data only reported for singletons. Women were allocated to one of the three intervention groups: Pregnant women were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in blocks of 12 based on a list of treatment numbers derived from a computer‐generated pseudo‐random number. Any patient encounter with nonpregnant women or men with reproductive potential (eg, not posthysterectomy or poststerilization) is an opportunity to counsel about wellness and healthy habits, which may improve reproductive and obstetric outcomes should they choose to reproduce. mg: milligrams et al. Antenatal supplementation with folic acid + iron + zinc improves linear growth and reduces peripheral adiposity in school‐age children in rural Nepal. Vitamin C and E supplementation to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized controlled trial, Combined antioxidants and preeclampsia prediction studies, Biostatistics Center ‐ George Washington University (http://www.bsc.gwu.edu.mfmu/projects/capps.cgi) (accessed September 1 2004). Shrestha Y, 354 women were recruited into the study. Vitamin C 1000 mg and vitamin E 400 IU versus placebo. The treatment packs contained 4 sealed, opaque, white plastic bottles of either the antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E or the placebo and were prepared by a researcher not involved in recruitment or clinical care. Kelly FJ, Poor diet, without enough vitamins, has been associated with an increased risk of women losing their baby in early pregnancy. Stillbirth defined as delivery of an infant showing no signs of life (movement, breathing, or heartbeat) after 23 weeks’ gestation. McGee PL, compared no folic acid groups. All pregnant women were allocated a unique code and a uniquely labelled and numerically coded specific supplement supply for the duration of pregnancy. Meininger CJ, There was no difference in the risk of total fetal loss between women receiving: Comparison 1 Vitamin C plus vitamin E versus placebo, Outcome 1 Total fetal loss. Exclusions were not reported by group allocation. Kowalska B, Farina A, Fulford AJ, Clifton RG, Schultink W, Weekly supplementation with iron and vitamin A during pregnancy increases hemoglobin concentration but decreases serum ferritin concentration in Indonesian pregnant women. Women's risk of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage was unclear. These sensitivity analyses indicate that the analyses for the effects of multivitamins on outcomes related to fetal loss and early or late miscarriage are no different when only individually‐randomised trials are included. Martins‐Costa S, Part III. Msamanga G, In the one trial involving 110 women (Wibowo 2012), there was no evidence of differences between women given antioxidant with multivitamins compared multivitamins with low antioxidant group on early or late miscarriage (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.24 to 5.29, one trial, 110 women, Analysis 27.1). Comparison 21 Folic acid with/without multivitamin versus no folic acid/multivitamin, Outcome 4 Congenital malformations.
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