More? Along with countries like India, Turkey and Rwanda, Poland may become part of the jigsaw of not-so-liberal friends of the West, helping to consolidate opposition to Russia and China. Eastern Slovak has ~80% intelligibility of Rusyn. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Russia) in Canada, and they barely can understand standard Ukrainian. Macedonian: 50-60 % These attacks killed over 200 people. He said if he was there for about a week he could understand probably everything. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. — plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, “na” is used in both Macedonian and NiÅ¡ Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as ‘on(to)’ Congratulations on a brilliant article! This tragic inheritance, never far away, explains the government’s energetic response to the war in Ukraine: The future must not repeat the past. It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits.” After praising Poland as one of the United States’ “great allies,” Mr. Biden stressed the importance of defending freedom and democracy. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. But, as the goal of the OP was to debunk the myth that says every slavic speaker can understand each other, he is quite right on that. I use Ethnologue’s list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Is Ukrainian Intelligible With Russian? - FAQS Clear He gave me the 25% figure. 5. Re: Cz/Slo In other respects I am happy to say I manage to keep my identity clear of any overt nationalist definitions 🙂 Complaints have been made that many of these percentages were simply wild guesses with no science behind them. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. — possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbian’s tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. A lect called Čičarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. When you find out it is a separate language, you ask for %, and they often tell you! People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. Czech–Slovak languages - Wikipedia Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. I got that figure from a Serb. Then she talks about the cards in the bags, I again understand everything, but at 0:47, another stream of unintelligible sounds is starting. are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible Poland Isn’t the Friend the West Thinks It Is, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/06/opinion/poland-ukraine-west-nato.html. I am a native Macedonian and I totally don’t agree with you. Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. I don’t know about Macedonian (haven’t ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). For majority of the Shtokavian speakers that’s just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian – I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, When You Are Literally Too Smart to Function in Society, An Attempt at a Good Definition of Fascism, Some Interesting Bits about Sendero Luminoso (the Shining Path), Low Black IQ’s in Africa Is a Five-Alarm Fire with No One to Put It out, How Projection Works and Why People Project, If You Can Never Admit You Are Wrong and You Never Apologize for Anything, You’re a Lousy Person, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. Ukrainian – much less comprehensible. It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Greg, Kaikavian is dialect of Slovenian language. Previously reluctant to accept refugees, the country took in millions of Ukrainian women and children, opening its arms in an impressive display of solidarity. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. there’s a macedonian TV program called ” Vo Centar”, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with “da” (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: “ja ću da radim (I will work)” and “ja ću raditi” where “raditi” (to work) is an infinitive. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. I simply didn’t know what for example word “iskati” (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. Commentary / WritePeace blog The impact of the war in Ukraine on Polish arms industrial policy Polish and South Korean officials approve a contract for providing arms to the Polish Armed Forces (2022). Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. Ukraine I’d like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. As the war shifted the global geopolitical focus to Eastern and Central Europe, Warsaw reveled in the attention. Bulgarian lexics does not seem to be familiar to Macedonians, what shows that Macedonian has been for too much time separated from the contact with Bulgarian which made Bulgarian unknown for Macedonian ear. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). And the 25% is very low. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. There are also some TV shows that show Czech and Slovak contestants untranslated (like in Sweden where Norwegian comics perform untranslated), and most people seem to understand these shows. Mezentseva, Inna. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. WebUkrainian and Belarusian are pretty much mutually intelligible (source: I am a poet in Belarusian, I go to poetry festivals in Belarus quite often and there are no interpreters for … Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. Your email address will not be published. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. There is no translation, so I think they assume their target audience should understand. I’m gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, can’t really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. Therefore I would go with 25%. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? About the mistakes Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written I think that nowadays people from NiÅ¡ also don’t understand that Serbian enough. You can pick up the gist of that’s being said in any sentence. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. The United States should take note. Yet, these two languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility. There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesn’t have cases and have definite articles as well. When there, they have to pass a language test. WebUkrainian is much closer to Polish. They belong to the Slavic family. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. In the rush to acclaim Poland and present a united front, Western politicians have overlooked something at their cost. Sorry for my English, I’m still learning it…especially right word order. I can illustrate it on the video posted above – “Vojnata vo Bosna”. I put it to Google translator and I got this: Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at work…I guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, too…oh, come to think of it, isn’t George Bush Junior a lizard, too! It depends which dialect. For example the word “najgolemata” (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means “najveća” in Serbian, but I somehow know what “golem/golema” means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than “golema”, prefix “naj” (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all “unsupervised”, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. London Times, 25 September 2006 However, in recent years, there has also been quite a bit of bilingual learning. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written But čakavian being archaic it has old slavic package. Maybe it’s a lack of vocabulary, but I haven’t heard that word from someone personally yet. Photo: Polish Ministry of National Defence. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. December 2014. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Hello Mr Lindsay, For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. I think that this article is full of dubious numbers, but this is not necessarily the author’s fault. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. So dominant, in fact, that parts of Ukraine and Belarus were significantly russified in a matter of a generation, even if not completely. Personal communication. are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com. He was a member of a group of linguists who met periodically to discuss the field. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Danish and Swedish are the most mutually comprehensible, but German and Dutch are also mutually intelligible. Thank you very much for this. Mutual Intelligibility and Differences Despite the different writing systems used, there are a lot of similarities in the grammar used in, for example, Russian, … Czech and Slovak: languages or dialects? - Radio Prague … Its historical development consists of four main periods.” But then it is difficult. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. “The Bulgarian language is the earliest written record Slavic language. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. Serbians often say “radiću” and it’s very similar to Croatian raditi ću or radit’ ću, but sometimes Serbians say “ja ću da radim” or even “ću da radim” without “ja” (I), because “ću” is first singular form of the verb “hteti” and “ja” is needless, but it’s very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. 50% I also understand more of other Slavic languages then neoÅ¡tokavian speakers do. However, leaving aside Kajkavian speakers, Croatians have poor intelligibility of Slovenian. Belarussian and Ukrainian have 85% similar vocabulary. “Zona Zamfirova” is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I don’t understand it as same as I don’t understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. Much like Nordic languages. Now onto the discussion. Intelligibility in the Slavic languages of the Balkans is much exaggerated. It’s a nasty drug, and I hear it’s addicting. Ukrainian It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. NiÅ¡ Torlak has six vowels — the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa /ə/ that’s found where a strong yer once used to be, as in ‘dog’ and ‘sadness’ (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. IOW, I think there are two languages – Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? The Answer, and Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. Russian 20 % spoken, 30 % written - Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. Vitebsk, Belarus. How mutually intelligible are Slavic languages? : … Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. No there is not. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you “Bilingual learning” . The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. I’m The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! “President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America….. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand what’s going on. Mr.Lindsay, Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenska dialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. but what if person is from island and speaks “heavy” čakavian and Å¡tokavian speaker is “real” Å¡tokavian like from Slavonia (North Eastern Croatia). However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and … You can pick out the common words like Voda (water), Hleb (bread), zima (cold) and so forth but it is tough to get the jist of what they are saying with out more immersion. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar – the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. Here are some tips. I will tell you also this: Also “what is a dialect and what is a language?” becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha that’s almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. I have a newer version of the paper that I can give in which I changed some of the things you are complaining about. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things – if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski).
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